Lot-to-lot variation in GMP
Matrigel™ (mouse EHS sarcoma) has well-known compositional variability (Hughes et al. 2010) that is disruptive in GMP manufacturing for iPS cell therapies and regenerative medicine products. PMDA and FDA both expect animal-derived raw materials to be avoided wherever possible, putting incumbents under regulatory pressure.
Surface-antigen damage from enzymatic passaging
Trypsin and collagenase strip surface proteins such as CD markers, EGFR and adhesion molecules. For CAR-T and iPS-derived therapies, this degrades potency and complicates release assays. Non-enzymatic harvesting is a long-standing unmet need.
Suspension cells are hard to handle
Lymphocytes, T cells and CAR-T cells are natively suspension, which makes live imaging, single-cell analytics and process-control observation difficult. Cell loss and phenotype drift during expansion drive low manufacturing yield.
Organoids / 3D culture reproducibility
Organoids and spheroids underlie patient-derived drug screening (PDO) but Matrigel-based protocols are poorly standardized, limiting cross-site reproducibility and daily clinical adoption.